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Record W3164952088 · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01023-4

Identifying nootropic drug targets via large-scale cognitive GWAS and transcriptomics

2021· article· en· W3164952088 on OpenAlexafffund
Max Lam, Chia‐Yen Chen, Tian Ge, Yan Xia, David W. Hill, Joey W. Trampush, Jin Yu, Emma Knowles, Gail Davies, Eli A. Stahl, Laura M. Huckins, David C. Liewald, Srdjan Djurovic, Ingrid Melle, Andrea Christoforou, Ivar Reinvang, Pamela DeRosse, Astri J. Lundervold, Vidar M. Steen, Thomas Espeseth, Katri Räikkönen, Elisabeth Widén, Aarno Palotie, Johan G. Eriksson, Ina Giegling, Bettina Konte, Annette M. Hartmann, Panos Roussos, Stella G. Giakoumaki, Katherine E. Burdick, Antony Payton, William Ollier, Ornit Chiba‐Falek, Deborah K. Attix, Anna C. Need, Elizabeth T. Cirulli, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Nikos C. Stefanis, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Alex Hatzimanolis, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Robert M. Bilder, Nelson B. Freimer, Tyrone D. Cannon, Edythe D. London, Russell A. Poldrack, Fred W. Sabb, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Matthew A. Scult, Dwight Dickinson, Richard E. Straub, Gary Donohoe, Derek W. Morris, Aiden Corvin, Michael Gill, Ahmad R. Hariri, Daniel R. Weinberger, Neil Pendleton, Panos Bitsios, Dan Rujescu, Jari Lahti, Stéphanie Le Hellard, Matthew C. Keller, Ole A. Andreassen, Ian J. Deary, David C. Glahn, Hailiang Huang, Chunyu Liu, Anil K. Malhotra, Todd Lencz

Bibliographic record

VenueNeuropsychopharmacology · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic Associations and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoCentre for Addiction and Mental Health
FundersEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institute on AgingWellcome TrustBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchSamfundet FolkhälsanAcademy of FinlandUniversitetet i BergenBergens ForskningsstiftelseNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesMedical Research CouncilSigne ja Ane Gyllenbergin SäätiöNational Institute on Drug AbuseNovo NordiskNorges ForskningsrådBiogenFinska LäkaresällskapetNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteEmil Aaltosen SäätiöHelse VestHelsingin YliopistoFolkhälsanin TutkimussäätiöDirectorate for Biological SciencesNational Institutes of HealthU.S. Department of Health and Human Services
KeywordsDrug repositioningGenome-wide association studyRepurposingCognitionDruggabilityComputational biologySchizophrenia (object-oriented programming)DrugBioinformaticsGeneBiologyPsychologyPsychiatryGeneticsSingle-nucleotide polymorphism

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Broad-based cognitive deficits are an enduring and disabling symptom for many patients with severe mental illness, and these impairments are inadequately addressed by current medications. While novel drug targets for schizophrenia and depression have emerged from recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these psychiatric disorders, GWAS of general cognitive ability can suggest potential targets for nootropic drug repurposing. Here, we (1) meta-analyze results from two recent cognitive GWAS to further enhance power for locus discovery; (2) employ several complementary transcriptomic methods to identify genes in these loci that are credibly associated with cognition; and (3) further annotate the resulting genes using multiple chemoinformatic databases to identify "druggable" targets. Using our meta-analytic data set (N = 373,617), we identified 241 independent cognition-associated loci (29 novel), and 76 genes were identified by 2 or more methods of gene identification. Actin and chromatin binding gene sets were identified as novel pathways that could be targeted via drug repurposing. Leveraging our transcriptomic and chemoinformatic databases, we identified 16 putative genes targeted by existing drugs potentially available for cognitive repurposing.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.018

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.003
Bibliometrics0.0020.004
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.294
Teacher spread0.283 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations25
Published2021
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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