Diminution of the Primary Cilia From the Intrahepatic Cholangiocytes in a Pediatric Choledochal Cyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Choledochal cyst (CC) is a cystic disease predominantly involving the extrahepatic biliary tree. Biliary atresia (BA), another disorder of the extrahepatic biliary tree, is sometimes considered to be in the same spectrum as pediatric CC. Recently, the absence and/or the structural abnormality of the primary cilia in the intrahepatic cholangiocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BA. We aimed to evaluate the expression of primary ciliary proteins in the intrahepatic cholangiocytes in cases of pediatric CC and compare it with normal control and BA. We performed immunohistochemistry for primary ciliary proteins (acetylated-α-tubulin and double-cortin domain containing 2) on the liver biopsies of control liver (n=5), pediatric CC (n=13), and BA (n=14). We also compared the expression with various clinical, biochemical, histopathologic (portal fibroinflammation and ductal plate malformation), and immunohistochemical (proliferative index) data. There was significant loss of primary cilia from the intrahepatic cholangiocytes in cases of CC and BA as compared with the normal control by both immunostains (CC: P=0.003 and 0.001, respectively; BA: P=0.001 and 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between the CC and BA in terms of ciliary protein loss. The loss of the ciliary proteins occurred irrespective of the proliferative (MIB-1 labeling) index, portal fibroinflammation, or ductal plate malformation. The loss of cilia did not correlate with the clinical follow-up in cases of pediatric CC. The loss of primary cilia from the intrahepatic cholangiocytes may be crucial in the etiopathogenesis of pediatric CC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".