Adipokine-cytokine profile of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue in ischemic heart disease complicated by visceral obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. To date, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of disability and mortality in population. The majority of ectopic fat deposits demonstrated a reliable association with cardiometabolic risks and clinical manifestations of most CVD. The elucidation of the metabolic features of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue localized in the immediate vicinity of the lesion in ischemic heart disease (IHD) can have both theoretical and practical significance for pathophysiology and cardiology.
 Aim. To study the adipokine-cytokine profile of epicardial adipocytes (EA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), blood serum in relation to the area of visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), biochemical and rhelinic characteristics of IHD patients.
 Methods. 84 patients (70 men and 14 women) with IHD were examined. In the presence of visceral obesity (VO), patients were divided into two groups. In patients with VO, adipocyte EA and SCAT were sampled, followed by cultivation and evaluation of adipokine and proinflammatory activity. The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipokine and proinflammatory status in blood serum were determined.
 Results. It has been established that the adipokine-cytokine profile of the adipocytes EA and SCAT differ. Adipocytes of EA in IHD on the background of VO are characterized by an increase in IL-1, TNF-, leptin-adiponectin ratio and a decrease in the protective factors: adiponectin and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. While adipocytes of SCAT were characterized by a decrease in the concentration of the soluble receptor to leptin and a more pronounced leptin resistance, and the increase in inflammatory cytokines was compensated by an increase in the concentration of IL-10, the presence of VO was associated with multivessel coronary disease, multifocal atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, adipokine imbalance, and markers of inflammation. Thus, the value of the area of VO determined higher values of leptin concentration, TNF- in adipocytes and serum, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a lower soluble receptor for leptin content.
 The conclusion. Thus, in IHD with VO the state of adipocytes, EA is characterized as "metabolic inflammation" and may indicate the direct involvement of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of IHD due to the formation of adipokine imbalance and the activation of proinflammatory reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".