Measurement of the Stoichiometry of Ethanol Oxidation at Elevated Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stoichiometry of ethanol oxidation (average number of electrons transferred per molecule) is a crucial parameter in fundamental studies of ethanol oxidation and the development of direct ethanol fuel cells and electrolysis cells. Measurements of stoichiometry are particularly important at elevated temperatures, where these cells become more efficient. In this work, rotating disk and flow cell methods have been used to explore the temperature dependence of ethanol oxidation at Pt/C and PtRu/C electrodes. Stoichiometries determined from the slopes of Koutecky–Levich plots ranged from 2.1 to 2.8 at 24 °C and increased to a range of 3.4 to 5.6 at 80 °C. They were higher for PtRu/C, and increased more with increasing temperature. At 80 °C, there was a significant decrease in stoichiometry with increasing potential at both catalysts, indicating a decrease in selectivity for the complete oxidation of ethanol to CO2. Analysis of ethanol consumption and product distributions using a flow cell provided independent measurements of stoichiometry that were in reasonable agreement with values from Koutecky–Levich plots.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".