Sobre els orígens del microscopi electrònic i la microscòpia electrònica.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
espanolEl microscopio electronico cumplira pronto su primer centenario. Las ideas que llevaron a la invencion del instrumento surgieron en Berlin entre 1928 y 1933. Ernst Ruska es el indisputable inventor del microscopio electronico de transmision. A mediados de los anos 30, cientificos de muchos paises europeos y sobre todo en los Estados Unidos, Canada yJapon se interesaron contribuyendo a la nueva tecnologia. Ernst Ruska fue distinguido en 1986 con el Premio Nobel de Fisica por su invento. catalaEl microscopi electronic complira aviat el seu primer centenari. Les idees que portaren a la invencio de l’instrument varen sorgir a Berlin entre 1928 i 1933. Ernst Ruska es l’indisputable inventor del microscopi electronic de transmissio. A mitjan del anys 30, cientifics de molts paisos europeus i sobretot als Estats Units, Canada i Japo s’hi van interessar, contribuint a la nova tecnologia. Ernst Ruska va ser distingit el 1986 amb el Premi Nobel de Fisica pel seu invent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".