The Determinant of Budget Fiscal Deficit of the Palestinian Authority and the Economic Factors Affecting It
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A prolonged fiscal deficit is an inheriting problem for the Palestinian economy. This leaves the Palestinian authorities unable to pay for salaries and other needed money to spend on the infrastructure, education, health, and other services. The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the budget deficit and some indicators, gross domestic product, balance of trade, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and current account, using ordinary least square and ARMA methods for collected quarterly data for the years 2000-2018, and applying the data to a number of other tests such as unit roots test, Johansen cointegration test, normal distribution test, heteroskedasticity test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey, variance inflation factors, etcetera, using Eviews10 program. The study’s main findings showed a long-run cointegration relationship between the budget deficit and the independent variables included in the study. The gross domestic product, balance of trade, and unemployment rate have a significant negative relationship with the budget deficit, while the remaining variables, inflation rate and current account, have a significant positive relationship with budget deficit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".