The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 or CD14 on the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis diseases: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Genetic studies have pointed to the relevance of the NOD2 and CD14 polymorphic alleles in association with the risk of diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. METHODS: A systematic review was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and risk of Mtb diseases. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOQS), and the linkage disequilibrium was calculated for all SNPs using a webtool (Package LDpop). RESULTS: Thirteen studies matched the selection criteria. Of those, 9 investigated CD14 SNPs, and 6 reported a significant association between the T allele and TT genotypes of the rs2569190 SNP and increased risk of Mtb diseases. The genotype CC was found to be protective against TB disease. Furthermore, in two studies, the CD14 rs2569191 SNP with the G allele was significantly associated with increased risk of Mtb diseases. Four studies reported data uncovering the relationship between NOD2 SNPs and risk of Mtb diseases, with two reporting significant associations of rs1861759 and rs7194886 and higher risk of Mtb diseases in a Chinese Han population. Paradoxically, minor allele carriers (CG or GG) of rs2066842 and rs2066844 NOD2 SNPs were associated with lower risk of Mtb diseases in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS: The CD14 rs2569190 and rs2569191 polymorphisms may influence risk of Mtb diseases depending on the allele. Furthermore, there is significant association between NOD2 SNPs rs1861759 and rs7194886 and augmented risk of Mtb diseases, especially in persons of Chinese ethnicity. The referred polymorphisms of CD14 and NOD2 genes likely play an important role in risk of Mtb diseases and pathology and may be affected by ethnicity. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: CRD42020186523.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | high |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".