Breeding Ecology of Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in Southern Continental Patagonia, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We searched for nests and studied aspects of the breeding biology of Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Patagonian grasslands biome of southern Santa Cruz province, Patagonia, Argentina, at the southern limit of the species' continental distribution. In this open, mostly flat landscape where potential nest substrates are rare and isolated yet conspicuous, caracaras nested in native Magellan barberry shrubs (Berberis microphylla), exotic trees associated with ranch houses and other buildings, on coastal cliffs, and on human-made structures associated with petroleum and gas extraction plants. These extraction activities, which began only in the past three decades in this region have provided new nesting opportunities for this species. Nest characteristics, brood size, and productivity recorded in our study area were similar to what has been previously reported for the Southern Caracara nesting across its broad latitudinal range. In our study area, average productivity in both years combined (2010–2011) was 2.1 fledglings per successful pair (n = 27). The nesting season for this caracara population apparently extends from September through January, phenology that is similar to that reported for caracaras nesting at a similar latitude in Chile and for other raptor species in Santa Cruz province. However, the nesting season seems to be shorter than for caracara populations nesting at northern latitudes in Argentina. In this vast, open landscape, nest substrates provided by human-made structures may be an important determinant of the spatial distribution of Southern Caracara nests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".