A Comparison of Psychiatric Concerns in Canadian Adolescents Across School Modalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some have argued that a return to in-person schooling is critical for improved mental health. However, to date, there is little to no data available on whether attending school in-person, online, or in a hybrid model may be associated with different rates of psychiatric problems among youth. The purpose of this study was to examine whether rates of psychiatric problems are differentially represented in Canadian youth attending school in-person, entirely online, or in a hybrid model. Adolescents (N=601; 50.1% female, 70.4% White, Mage=15.74, SD=1.45) were recruited via social media. While controlling for age, gender, province and number of weeks since the beginning of the pandemic, there was no statistical difference between school modalities on psychiatric symptoms. Our results did not identify a relationship between school modality and psychiatric concern, suggesting that youth mental health has been broadly and negatively impacted by the pandemic independent of the way youth attend school.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".