Hemodialysis leads to plasma depletion of lectin complement pathway initiator molecule ficolin‐2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate changes in complement system‐related molecules in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods Patients >18 years of age on maintenance hemodialysis were included. Using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) methods complement related molecules ficolin‐1, ficolin‐2, ficolin‐3 mannose‐binding lectin, long pentraxin 3, complement activation products C3c, and complement activation potentials were measured before and after a single hemodialysis treatment. All patients were dialyzed with synthetic high flux filters >1.6 m 2 , respectively, Polyamix and Polysulfone, and the Kt/V was maintained >1.3. Findings Three hundred and four patients were included. There was a modest decrease in plasma level of ficolin‐1 ( p < 0.001). Ficolin‐2 was virtually depleted with median 3.9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2.6–6.1, range 0.3–13.5) μg/ml before dialysis to median 0.0 (IQR: 0.0–0.5, range 0.0–5.5) μg/ml after dialysis ( p < 0.001). No significant difference before and after hemodialysis was seen for mannose‐binding lectin and long pentraxin 3 ( p > 0.05). In a random subgroup of 160 patients ficolin‐2‐binding, ficolin‐3‐mediated lectin pathway capacity and classical pathway capacity were significantly decreased due to hemodialysis. The complement capacity of the alternative pathway was increased after hemodialysis ( p = 0.0101), while mannose‐binding lectin‐mediated lectin pathway capacity was unaltered ( p = 0.79). There was an increase in the complement activation product C3c ( p < 0.0001), while the concentration of total C4 and C3 did not change ( p > 0.158). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses showed an increased risk for all‐cause mortality with increasing ficolin‐2 ( p = 0.002) after hemodialysis. Discussion Plasma ficolin‐2 was virtually depleted from the circulation after hemodialysis. However, elevated plasma ficolin‐2 levels after hemodialysis was independently associated with increased mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".