Prebiotics and β‐Glucan Affect Jejunal and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Affinity in Weanling Pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biological mechanisms of dietary supplementation of prebiotics and β‐glucan in modulation of health status need further clarification. Given the recognized role of alkaline phosphatases (AP) in detoxification of endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS), we hypothesized that dietary supplementation of three prebiotics and β‐glucan in modulation of health status was mediated through affecting alkaline phosphatase functionality such as maximal enzyme activity ( V max ) and enzyme affinity ( K m ). This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary supplementation of three prebiotics and β‐glucan at 0.75% instead of feed antibiotics on growth performance, blood urea concentration, fecal scores, jejunal and serum AP kinetics and large intestinal fermentation in weanling piglets fed corn and soybean meal (SBM)‐based diets. Six experimental diets were formulated with corn, SBM and fishmeal as the bulk ingredients. This includes Diet 1, a negative control (NC) of the basal diet with no supplemental feed antibiotics and no tested supplements; Diet 2, a positive control (PC) of the basal diet with supplemental feed antibiotics but no other tested supplements; Diet 3, a retrograded resistant corn starch supplementation of the basal diet with no supplemental feed antibiotics; Diet 4, an oat β‐glucan supplementation of the basal diet with no supplemental feed antibiotics; Diet 5, a Fibersol‐2 supplementation of the basal diet with no supplemental feed antibiotics; and Diet 6, an inulin supplementation of the basal diet with no supplemental feed antibiotics. A total of 216 piglets, 21 d old, with an initial body weight of 7.0 kg, were fed 1 of the 6 diets for 21 d in three study blocks according to a completely randomized block design. Dietary supplementation of the three prebiotics and β‐glucan did not significantly affect growth performance and main intestinal fermentation endpoints. Dietary supplementation of β‐glucan in Diet 4 increased ( P <0.05) the wk 1–3 overall fecal score compared with the NC diet. Fibersol‐2 in Diet 5 and inulin in Diet 6 reduced ( P <0.05) the V max of the proximal jejunal AP compared with the NC diet. The V max of serum AP was different ( P <0.05) between the β‐glucan Diet 4 and the PC diet. Dietary supplementation of Fibersol‐2 in Diet 5 and β‐glucan in Diet 4 increased the AP affinity by about 1 fold compared with the NC diet. Serum AP affinity K m values were at least 10‐fold higher than the K m values of the jejunal AP, suggesting that the proximal jejunal AP is potentially much more efficient than the serum AP in detoxification of endotoxin LPS. Dietary supplementation of the three prebiotics and oat β‐glucan at 0.75% had little effects on growth performance but might affect the gut and whole body health status via influencing the AP detoxification kinetics in the weanling pig. Support or Funding Information Supported by the NSERC Discovery and the OMAFRA‐University Partnership Programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".