Angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors modulate nitric oxide (NO) effects on renal sodium (Na <sup>+</sup> ) handling in conscious lambs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ANG II and NO are considered of primary importance in maintaining Na + homeostasis in adult mammals. Evidence suggests that NO effects on renal handling of Na + are modulated by ANG II, yet the roles of AT1Rs and AT2Rs are not well understood. In previous studies we reported a robust natriuresis associated with the removal of endogenous NO in six week old lambs. The present experiments were designed to evaluate whether there is an interaction between AT1Rs and AT2Rs in modulating the effects of NO on tubular Na + handling in the immature kidney. In conscious, chronically instrumented six week old lambs (N=11), renal function was measured before and after selective pharmacological inhibition of AT1Rs with ZD 7155, of AT2Rs with PD 123319, and both receptors with ZD 7155 and PD 123319, before and after removal of endogenous NO with the L‐arginine analogue, L‐NAME. The increase in fractional excretion of Na + and Na + clearance with L‐NAME observed previously also occurred after pretreatment with ZD 7155; this response was enhanced by combined treatment with PD 123319. Fractional Na + reabsorption fell after ZD 7155 and L‐NAME, and decreased further after addition of PD 123319. These findings suggest that AT2Rs may potentiate the effects of AT1R on NO‐mediated Na + excretion, providing the first evidence of a cross‐talk between ATRs in modulating NO effects on Na + homeostasis under physiologic conditions in the immature animal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".