Development length of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar based on non-uniform bond stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to the assumption of uniform bond stress, the development length of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars by design standards can be unnecessarily long and difficult to provide in practice. Hence, the bond stress distribution and required development length of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar is investigated. Four beam-bond specimens, two following RILEM specifications and two based on a procedure by ACI are tested to evaluate the effect of test method on bond strength. Ten pullout tests are also performed using the same bar. The two test methods yield similar results, but the ACI test is easier to perform. The bond stress distribution in the beams is highly nonlinear but in the pullout tests approaches uniformity. The actual development length is found to be 50% to 250% less than that required by the aforementioned standards. Consequently, a new equation is proposed based on the logistic growth function to model the non-uniform bond stress distribution and estimate the required development length.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".