Fiber capillarization is augmented in the gastrocnemius muscle of mighty mini‐muscled mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
House mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running display a mini‐muscle phenotype; they display twice the mitochondrial enzyme activities of normal in a muscle that has half the mass. To determine the structural alterations facilitating aerobic metabolism in these mini‐muscles, cross‐sections of the medial gastrocnemius of normal (n = 6) and mini–muscled (n = 6) mice were stained with LeadATPase and myofibrillar ATPase, and analyzed for fiber size, capillarization and fiber type. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that mini‐muscled mice would have greater fiber capillarization. On average, mini‐muscled mice had smaller mean fiber cross‐sectional area, due in large part to the presence of many fibers with small size in the superficial region. In addition, mini‐muscle mice had higher capillary‐to‐fiber ratio and higher capillary density. When fibers were binned according to size it was revealed that it was primarily the normal‐sized fibers of the mini‐muscles that had higher capillarity. These results support the hypothesis that the mini‐mice have higher indices of capillarity, which may be important to facilitate the superior mass‐specific aerobic function of these muscles. This research was supported by NSERC and NSF grant IOB‐0543429.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".