Dairy Fat Consumptions Do Not Modulate Immune Functions in a Swine Model of Insulin Resistance: A Preliminary Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biomarkers of full-fat dairy consumption have been inversely associated with variables of insulin resistance (IR) and immune function. To understand the effect of consuming dairy fat per se on immune function in the context of IR, we used our established low birthweight (LBW) swine model of high fat diet induced IR to compare regular fat dairy products vs. low-fat dairy products and compared to a control high fat diet (CHF). We hypothesize that consuming a diet rich in dairy fat will improve immune function in the context of IR. At 5 weeks of age, LBW piglets were randomized to consume one of the 3 experimental diets: 1) CHF, 2) HF supplemented with 3 servings high fat dairy (HFDairy) and 3) HF supplemented with 3 servings low fat dairy (LFDairy). As comparison groups, normal birthweight (NBW) piglets were fed a CHF or standard pig grower diet (Chow). A total of 35 pigs (LBW-CHF n = 8, LBW-HFDairy n = 8, LBW-LFDairy n = 8, NBW-CHF n = 6, NBW-Chow n = 5) were fed for 7 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, pigs were euthanized for tissue and blood collections. Mitogen stimulations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells were conducted to assess immune responses. Results show that there were no statistical differences in IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α levels after pokeweed mitogen (PWM, T and antigen presenting cell mitogen) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA, T cell mitogen) stimulations between all LBW groups. However, IL-10 levels after PHA stimulation were found to be higher in NBW-Chow compared to LBW-CHF, LBW-HFDairy and LBW-LFDairy (all P < 0.05). Similarly, IL-2 levels after PWM stimulation were found to be higher in NBW-Chow compared to LBW-CHF and LBW-HFDairy (both P < 0.05) groups but not LBW-LFDairy. Current data suggest that consumption of dairy products, regardless of the fat content, as little effect on immune function in the context of IR. However, we demonstrated that diet-induced IR piglets exhibit altered immune responses to a T cells mitogen, compared to NBW piglets. Agriculture Funding Consortium, NSERC Discovery Program, Dairy Farmers of Canada-Nutrition Research Program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".