The role of lake morphometry in modulating surface water carbon concentrations in boreal lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Earth’s lakes vary greatly in size and morphometry, from small circular lakes of hundreds of m2 to large and deep fractal systems of several thousands of km2. Previous research has demonstrated a link between the size of lakes and their carbon dynamics. However, the influence of lake morphometry on lake carbon biogeochemistry remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyze the morphometry and carbon concentrations of more than 250 lakes across boreal Quebec, encompassing a wide range in lake size from 0.002 to 4300 km2. We show that, in addition to lake size, the biogeochemistry of lake carbon is influenced by the circularity, shoreline complexity and vertical profile of the lake. Yet the type and degree of influence vary among the different carbon species. A comparative exercise shows that taking into account the morphometry of lakes moderately increases the predictive power of empirical models of carbon concentration across lakes. Therefore, future studies might benefit from adding lake morphometry metrics to the empirical rules used for prediction and upscaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".