Developmental Trajectories of Cannabis and Alcohol Use Among a Longitudinal Sample of Secondary School Students in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: Cannabis and alcohol are the 2 most prevalent substances used by youth and co-occurring use is common. This study identifies conjoint trajectories of cannabis and alcohol use over time as youth progress from grade 9 to 12. Methods: The sample consists of 1869 secondary school students from Ontario (Canada), who participated in the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour study over the 4 waves of data collection that occurred during the school years immediately prior to cannabis legalization (2014–15 to 2017–18). The frequency of alcohol and the frequency of cannabis use were each measured annually on a 7-point scale and were used to characterize trajectories. Results: The parallel processes latent class growth mixture model identified 3 conjoint trajectories for both cannabis and alcohol use. Combined, the trajectories were characterized as no use-low use (87.6%), steady increase (10.5%), and high use (1.9%) classes. The 3 trajectories included some level of alcohol use in grade 9 indicating many students are beginning alcohol use before starting or at the beginning of grade 9. Members of the steady increase class were more likely male (OR = 1.9, 95% CI:1.4, 2.5), whereas the odds of membership in high use class were similar between males and females. Conclusions: While alcohol use was more common, the frequency of use increased for both cannabis and alcohol from grade 9 to 12 across all trajectories of use. Cannabis and alcohol use followed similar patterns of onset and development suggesting that prevention programming may benefit from targeting both substances simultaneously. Objectifs: Le cannabis et l’alcool sont les deux substances les plus utilisées par les jeunes et la consommation concomitante est courante. Cette étude identifie des trajectoires conjointes de consommation de cannabis et d’alcool au fil du temps à mesure que les jeunes progressent de la 9e à la 12e année. Méthodes: L’échantillon se compose de 1869 élèves du secondaire de l’Ontario (Canada), qui ont participé à l’étude COMPASS sur les 4 vagues de collecte de données qui ont eu lieu au cours des années scolaires immédiatement avant la légalisation du cannabis (2014–2015 à 2017–2018). La fréquence de consommation d’alcool et la fréquence de consommation de cannabis ont chacune été mesurées annuellement sur une échelle de 7 points et ont été utilisées pour caractériser les trajectoires. Résultats: Le modèle de mélange de croissance de classe latente à processus parallèles a identifié trois trajectoires conjointes pour la consommation de cannabis et d’alcool. Combinées, les trajectoires ont été caractérisées comme des classes à faible utilisation - pas d’utilisation (87,6%), à augmentation constante (10,5%) et à forte utilisation (1,9%). Les trois trajectoires incluaient un certain niveau de consommation d’alcool en 9e année, ce qui indique que de nombreux élèves commencent à consommer de l’alcool avant de commencer ou au début de la 9e année. Les membres de la classe d’augmentation constante étaient plus vraisemblablement des hommes (OR = 1,9), tandis que les chances d’appartenir à la classe à forte utilisation étaient similaires entre les hommes et les femmes. Conclusions: Les trajectoires d’apparition et la fréquence accrue de la consommation de cannabis et d’alcool a augmenté de la 9e à la 12e année. Des schémas similaires d’apparition et de développement de la consommation de cannabis et d’alcool suggèrent que la recherche devrait explorer les effets synergiques potentiels d’interventions futures qui abordent la nature souvent concomitante de l’apparition de la consommation de substances chez les jeunes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".