Global Reach 2018: Influence of Excessive Erythrocytosis on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Factors in Andean Highlanders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased coagulation and reduced fibrinolysis are central factors underlying thrombotic risk and events. High altitude‐induced excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is prevalent in Andean highlanders, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Disruption in the coagulation‐fibrinolytic axis resulting in uncontrolled fibrin deposition may underlie the increased thrombotic risk associated with high altitude EE. The experimental aim of this study was to determinewhether EE is associated with a prothrombotic blood coagulation and fibrinolytic profile in Andean highlanders. Plasma coagulation (von Willebrand factor [vWf], factor VII, VIII, and X) and fibrinolytic (tissue‐type plasminogen activator [t‐PA] and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 [PAI‐1]) factors as well as D‐dimer levels were determined in 26 male residents of Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,340 m): 12 without EE (age: 40±13 yr; Hb: 17.4±1.9 g/dL) and 14 with EE (43±15 yr; 24.4±1.6 g/dL). There were no significant differences in vWf (40.5 + 24.8 vs 45.5 + 22.4 %), factor VII (77.0 + 14.5 vs 72.5 + 8.9 %), factor VIII (55.6 + 19.8 vs 60.7 + 26.8 %) and factor X (73.9 + 8.3 vs 67.3 + 10.9 %) between the Andean highlanders without or with EE. t‐PA antigen (8.5 + 3.6 vs 9.6 + 5.4 ng/mL), t‐PA activity (5.5 + 2.4 vs 5.8 + 1.6 IU/mL), PAI antigen (45.0 + 33.8 vs 40.5 + 15.8 ng/mL), PAI‐1 activity (0.24 + 0.09 vs 0.25 + 0.11 IU/mL) and the molar concentration ratio of active t‐PA to active PAI‐1 (1:0.051 + 0.034 vs 1:0.046 + 0.021 mmol/L) were also similar between the groups as were D‐dimer levels (235.0 + 126.4 ng/mL vs 268.4 + 173.7 ng/mL). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that EE is not associated with prothrombotic disruptions in coagulation or the fibrinolytic system in Andean highlanders. Although dysregulation in both pathways is known to increase thrombotic risk, EE does not appear to directly influence either pathway to affect vascular risk in Andean men.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".