Erythropoietin increases the hypoxic sensitivity of the neural respiratory control system in newborn mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that cerebral erythropoietin (Epo) enhances the ventilatory response under conditions of reduced oxygen availavility (hypoxia).. Specificaly, by using adult mice, we showed that Epo activates the central respiratory network under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia. However, the impact of Epo on the respiratory control system of newborn has not yet been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that cerebral Epo crucially affects the neural respiratory system during the postnatal development of mice. To investigate the central hypoxic sensitivity, we used the in vitro (en bloc brainstem‐spinal cord preparations ) electrophysiological technique in animals at postnatal day 4. When perfused with hypoxic artificial cerebrospinal fluid (5% CO 2 in N 2 ), Epo‐incubated brainstems showed increased time‐ and dose‐dependent phrenic activity. Moreover, this effect was dramatically reversed when bainstems were incubated with soluble Epo receptor (the Epo endogenous antagonist). To assess the effect of Epo on ventilatory response to hypoxia (RVH) in vivo , we applied the whole body plethysmography technique in mice at postnatal days P7, P10, P15 and P21. Once exposed to acute hypoxia (12%, 10% and 6% O 2 ), Epo‐treated animals at all tested ages (i.p injection of 100U Epo 12h before experimentation) showed higher ventilatory response than corresponding controls animals. These results imply that cerebral Epo plays a crucial role in the neural development of respiratory system, and suggest that Epo in brain has potential clinical implications in newborn with respiratory dysfunctions, especially in those born preterm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".