Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Emulsion Stabilized Base Course Modified Using Portland Cement and Asphaltenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Base course quality has a significant impact on the pavement load-bearing capacity and the layer strength could be improved using stabilization techniques. Asphalt emulsion is one of the commonly used materials for base course stabilization. Cement is usually added as an active filler to enhance the mix properties. Asphaltenes is a waste material derived from Alberta oil-sands Bitumen with no significant application in the industry. This study compares the impact of asphalt emulsion stabilized layers modified by asphaltenes and cement separately. For this purpose, asphaltenes and cement modified mixes with 1% and 2% by the mixes total weight were prepared. Both mixes mechanical properties were investigated through Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and tensile strength ratio (TSR). IDEAL-CT test was also used to evaluate the cracking resistance of the mixes. From the results, it was concluded that asphaltenes had a greater impact on increasing the Marshall stability, tensile strength, and cracking resistance of the mixes compared to cement. However, asphaltenes-modified samples were found to be more susceptible to moisture damages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".