A High-Fat Diet Containing 50% Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Increased the Proportion of T Cells Expressing a Memory Marker in Male Wistar Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies have suggested that high-fat (HF) diets are associated with immune dysfunction, which results in a lower production of IL-2 and a lower proportion of helper T cells. Providing a diet containing 100% phosphatidylcholine (PC), a form of choline mainly found in eggs, has been shown to increase IL-2 production early in life. However, this is of no relevance for human consumption since no human diet will contain 100% PC. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the dose effect of egg-PC added to a high fat diet compared to a control high fat and low fat diets on T cell function in male Wistar rats. At four weeks of age, male Wistar rats were randomized to consume one of 6 diets: 1- Control low fat (CLF, 10%wt/wt fat, 100% free choline (FC), n = 10); 2- Control high fat (CHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% FC, n = 10); 3- 100% PCHF (100PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% PC, n = 10); 4- 75% PCHF (75PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 75% PC, 25% FC, n = 10); 5- 50% PCHF (50PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 50% PC, 50% FC, n = 10); 6- 25% PCHF (25PCHF; 25% wt/wt fat, 25% PC, 75% FC, n = 10). Fatty acid composition was closely matched in all of the diets. Anthropometric data was collected through the duration of the study (12 weeks). At the end of the study, splenocytes phenotypes were measured by flow cytometry. From week 1 to week 10 there was no difference in body weight between the diets. Starting from week 2 the CLF group had a higher food intake compared to the other groups. The 50PCHF diet had a higher proportion of helper T cells (CD4+) compared to the CLF and CHF diets. In addition, 50PCHF had a higher proportion of helper T cells expressing IL-2 receptors (CD4+CD25+) compared to 25PCHF (P < 0.05). 50PCHF also had a higher proportion of T cells expressing a memory marker (CD3+CD27+) compared with all HF diets (all P < 0.05) but not the CLF diet. Our results suggest that a diet providing 50% of total choline in the form of egg-PC normalizes the proportion of T cells expressing CD27 in the context of a HF diet which may lead to a better immune response if a second exposure to a pathogen occurs. Whether the higher proportion of helper T cells expressing the IL-2 receptor in the 50PCHF group is associated with better T cell response upon challenge remains to be investigated. Egg farmers of Canada, NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".