17β Estradiol relaxes tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we have shown that 17β estradiol (E 2 ) caused relaxation of male guinea pig gallbladder strips precontracted with either 1nM cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) or 40mM KCl. E 2 relaxation was concentration dependent in both cases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether E 2 relaxation was due to inhibition of intracellular Ca 2+ release by IP 3 or extracellular Ca 2+ entry. Paired t‐tests were used. The KCl and CCK produced similar amounts of tension (0.84±0.04 vs. 0.88±0.05g, n=7). The E 2 induced relaxation after CCK was significantly (p<0.001; 46.1±10.8 vs. 74.9±8.1%, n=7) less than observed with KCl. 2‐APB (125 μM), significantly (p<0.001; 0.87±0.06 vs. 0.41±0.07g, n=4) decreased CCK induced tension, and significantly (p<.0.01; 57.5±5.5 vs. 71.2±5.6%, n=4) increased E 2 induced relaxation. Similar results were observed when KCl was used with 2‐APB (p<0.001; 0.8±0.07 vs. 0.61±0.06g, n=4). The E 2 induced relaxation was increased in the presence of 2‐APB (p<0.01; 73.7±8.3 vs. 100.2±5.5%, n=3). E 2 induced relaxation of KCl induced tension suggested that the E 2 induced relaxation is mediated by inhibiting extracellular Ca 2+ entry. The use of 2‐APB and the increase in E 2 induced relaxation supports this conclusion. E 2 relaxed CCK induced tension; 2‐APB increased the E 2 relaxation. E 2 induced relaxation is primarily mediated by blocking extracellular Ca 2+ entry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".