Effects of a 4 Hour Exposure to Conventional Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids on the Murine Hepatic Microcirculation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with structural and functional changes in the peritoneal and liver vasculature limiting its efficacy. Our objective was to examine the impact of high osmolar PD solutions and a 4hr dwell time on the liver microcirculation. Mice were given TNF 500ng or normal saline 50 μl (NS) IP, then 30 min later 2 ml of PD solution was injected. The hepatic microcirculation was examined by intravital microscopy. The PD fluids were a glucose‐based, bicarbonate buffered Physioneal, icodextrin‐based lactate and bicarbonate buffered Extraneal and dextrose‐based, lactate buffered Dianeal, compared to lactated Ringer's. In TNF‐treated mice, Dianeal and Extraneal caused an increase in leukocyte rolling, compared to NS (P>0.004). Adhesion was higher with TNF compared to NS in all groups (P>0.05); however, there was no significant difference between PD solutions. Comparing the 4 hr to a 1 hr dwell, Physioneal only was associated with a 6‐fold increase in adhesion (0.8±0.3 vs 5.2±0.7, P<0.001) and a decrease in leukocyte rolling (8.5±2.1 vs 3.2±0.8, P<0.04) with peritoneal TNF exposure. With a clinically relevant exposure time, TNF, combined with a glucose based, bicarbonate buffered PD solution, induced an increase in leukocyte adhesion in the hepatic microcirculation. Replacement with icodextrin may alleviate the effects of high glucose and cytokine stimulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".