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Record W3168487548 · doi:10.1093/isagsq/ksab006

A Forgotten Environmental International Relations: Derwent Whittlesey's International Thought

2021· article· en· W3168487548 on OpenAlexaff
Lucian M. Ashworth

Bibliographic record

VenueGlobal Studies Quarterly · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicCoastal and Marine Management
Canadian institutionsMemorial University of Newfoundland
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAnthropocenePoliticsMaterialismInternational relationsPolitical scienceEnvironmental ethicsInternational relations theoryHistorical materialismHumanitiesSociologyPhilosophyEpistemologyLaw

Abstract

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ABSTRACT International relations (IR) has been criticized for its poor response to the challenges of the Anthropocene. Since the 1950s, IR, especially in its US form, was driven by immediate Cold War concerns of security and relations between great powers. Yet, this IR of the later twentieth century superseded a more materialist IR that had flourished in the first half of the century. Derwent Whittlesey's political geography, which was one aspect of this material international thought, had directly explored the relationship between global politics and the environment. This article explores Derwent Whittlesey's international environmental thought, showing how it emerged from a more environmentally determinist tradition, but came to understand the relationship between human society and the environment as fungible and complex. Prioritizing time and profound changes linked to the machine age, Whittlesey warned about the damage that human society inflicted on its habitat. Yet, despite his contacts with early IR scholars at Yale, Whittlesey and his work would come to be forgotten in IR. Consequently, his work represents a path not taken, and his marginalization helps to explain why IR was so ill-equipped to understand the new global politics of the Anthropocene. Las Relaciones Internacionales (international relations, IR) han sido criticadas por su pobre respuesta ante los desafíos del Antropoceno. Desde la década de 1950, las IR, especialmente en su forma estadounidense, fueron impulsadas por inquietudes inmediatas de la Guerra Fría en cuanto a la seguridad y las relaciones entre las grandes potencias. Sin embargo, estas IR de finales del siglo XX reemplazaron a las IR más materialistas que habían prosperado en la primera mitad del siglo. La geografía política de Derwent Whittlesey, que era un aspecto de este pensamiento internacional pertinente, había explorado de manera directa la relación entre la política global y el medioambiente. Este artículo explora el pensamiento ambiental internacional de Derwent Whittlesey y explica cómo surgió de una tradición más determinista a nivel ambiental, pero llegó a comprender la relación entre la sociedad humana y el medioambiente como fungible y compleja. Al priorizar el tiempo y los cambios profundos vinculados a la era de las máquinas, Whittlesey advirtió sobre el daño que la sociedad humana infligió a su hábitat. Sin embargo, a pesar de sus contactos con los primeros académicos en IR en Yale, Whittlesey y su trabajo serían olvidados en el campo de las IR. En consecuencia, su trabajo representa un camino aún no recorrido y su marginación ayuda a explicar por qué las IR estaban tan mal preparadas para comprender la nueva política global del Antropoceno. Les relations internationales (RI) ont été critiquées pour leur mauvaise réponse à l'anthropocène. Depuis les années 50, les RI, tout particulièrement dans leur forme américaine, ont été déterminées par les préoccupations immédiates de la guerre froide en matière de sécurités et de relations entre grandes puissances. Ces RI de la fin du vingtième siècle ont toutefois supplanté des RI plus matérialistes qui s’étaient développées durant la première moitié du siècle. La géographie politique de Derwent Whittlesey, qui constituait l'un des aspects de cette pensée internationale matérielle, avait directement exploré la relation entre politique mondiale et environnement. Cet article étudie la pensée environnementale internationale de Derwent Whittlesey en montrant comment elle a émergé d'une tradition plus déterministe sur le plan environnemental mais en est venue à comprendre la relation entre société humaine et environnement comme étant fongible et complexe. Priorisant le temps et les profonds changements liés à l’ère de la mécanisation, Whittlesey avait mis en garde contre les dommages que la société humaine infligeait à son habitat. Pourtant, malgré ses contacts avec les premiers chercheurs en RI à Yale, Whittlesey et son travail ont fini par être oubliés en RI. Par conséquent, son travail représente une voie qui n'est pas empruntée et sa marginalisation contribue à expliquer pourquoi les RI sont si mal équipées pour comprendre la nouvelle politique mondiale de l'anthropocène.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.008
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.018
Threshold uncertainty score0.090

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0080.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0110.042
Scholarly communication0.0140.015
Open science0.0010.005
Research integrity0.0070.010
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.247
Teacher spread0.238 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations6
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venueGlobal Studies QuarterlySame topicCoastal and Marine ManagementFrench-language works237,207