Full-Span Topology of Trailing-Edge Separation at Different Angles of Attack
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The velocity field over a two-dimensional wing at Reynolds number of 672,000 was investigated to characterize the three-dimensional topology and evolution of the separate flow with variation of the angle of attack. Planar particle image velocimetry over the full span of the wing demonstrated that with increasing angle of attack, isolated pockets of backflow, which appeared near the trailing edge, merged and formed an asymmetric stall cell at angle of attack of 9.7°. The asymmetry was mainly associated with the dissimilar boundary layers developed on the wind tunnel walls at the spanwise ends of the wing. Secondary structures were also observed between the stall cell and the spanwise end. The stall cell topology was characterized using large-scale three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry measurements using helium-filled soap bubbles. The results showed that the separation bubble had a small wall-normal height with two wall-normal counter-rotating vortices extended up to the edge of the separation bubble. In addition, the investigations demonstrated that vortex generators can induce a symmetric stall cell by removing the secondary structures and isolating the stall cell from the flows at the spanwise ends.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".