Decadal changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in high-resolution simulations of the subpolar North Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of global ocean - sea ice model simulations is used to investigate the spatial structure and temporal variability of the sinking branch of the meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in the subpolar North Atlantic. The experiments include hindcast simulations of the last six decades based on the high-resolution (1/20°) VIKING20X-model forced by the CORE and JRA55-do reanalysis products, supplemented by sensitivity studies with a 1/4°-configuration (ORCA025) aimed at elucidating the roles of variations in the wind stress and buoyancy fluxes. The experiments exhibit different multi-decadal trends in the AMOC, reflecting the well-known sensitivity of ocean-only models to subtle details in the configuration of the subarctic freshwater forcing. All experiments, however, concur in that the dense, southward branch of the overturning is mainly fed by “sinking” (in density space) in the Irminger and Iceland Basins, in accordance with the first results of the OSNAP observational program. Remarkably, the contribution of the Labrador Sea has remained small throughout the whole simulation period, even during the phase of extremely strong convection in the early 1990s: i.e., the rate of deep water exported from the subpolar North Atlantic by the DWBC off Newfoundland never differed by more than O(1 Sv) from the DWBC entering the Labrador Sea at Cape Farewell. The model solutions indicate a particular concentration of the sinking along the deep boundary currents south of the Denmark Straits and south of Iceland, pointing to a prime importance for the AMOC of the outflows from the Nordic Seas and their subsequent enhancement by the entrainment of intermediate waters. Since these include the water masses formed by deep convection in the Labrador and southern Irminger Seas, our study offers an alternative interpretation of the dynamical role of decadal changes in Labrador Sea convection intensity in terms of a remote effect on the deep transports established in the outflow regimes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".