Perovskite Solar Cells with Polyaniline Hole Transport Layers Surpassing a 20% Power Conversion Efficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite photovoltaics do not just play a key role in device performance; they also determine the overall flexibility, cost, and opportune tandem solar cell applications. Currently used HTLs have limited functionality and are costly. Here, we develop an efficient bifunctional and cost-effective HTL based on electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PAN) decorated with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid. We then resurface PAN with chlorine to improve HTL conductivity and to provide nucleation sites for the growth and passivation of perovskite films. The synergetic modification on the perovskite/PAN interface and crystallographic/optoelectric properties of the perovskite film delivers a photovoltaic efficiency of 20.7% for a small-area inverted cell, the highest among any polyaniline-based perovskite solar cells. An efficiency of 18.4% is achieved for 1 cm2 devices. This work provides a competitive category of in situ passivasive HTLs for efficient and scalable perovskite solar cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".