Shear and vortex instabilities at deep part load of hydraulic turbines and their numerical prediction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract For all types of turbines, deep part load operation (DPL) poses a challenge. An example of a dynamic phenomenon due to vaneless space vortices occurring at DPL is presented for three turbine types: a diagonal, a propeller and a Francis turbine. The backflow region occurring at DPL is often considered to be a main factor in these phenomena. Our results confirm that these backflow regions play an important role, but other factors also seem to be significant in specific cases. In our example of a diagonal turbine, the intersection of the backflow region with the leading edge of the blades seems to generate particularly high pressure pulsations and vibrations. In the case of the propeller turbine, large vaneless space vortices are found in CFD, but vibrations on the prototype machine are well within acceptable levels. Inspecting the flow at an operating point before large vaneless space vortices occur, shows high shear levels near the inner head cover that generate the high-intensity vortices at an even lower load. In the Francis turbine, half the number of strong vaneless space vortices interact with equally strong inter-blade vortices with vorticity of opposite sign to result in high dynamic blade torque. CFD simulations are well capable of capturing these phenomena, allowing them to be considered in the mechanical design of the turbine components for safe operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".