Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity and phytochemical profile of Croton menyharthii plant from Tana River County Kenya
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Croton menyharthii root bark is used tomanage female reproductive ailments inTana River County, Kenya. The planttreats dysmenorrhea, prevents abortion,stops post-partum hemorrhage and is alsoa contraceptive. Toxicological andphytochemical profile of the plant is stillunknown. Preliminary phytochemicalscreening of Dichloromethane-Methanoland aqueous Croton menyharthii root barkextracts was carried out as per method used by Kisianan et al., 2019. Acute oraltoxicity study was conducted using femalerats by using OECD 423 guidelineswhereas the sub-acute toxicity study wascarried out using OECD 407 guidelines.General behavior, adverse effects andmortality were keenly observed throughoutthe experimental period. Food intake,water intake, body weight, organ weight,hematological and biochemical parameterswere evaluated. Alkaloids, saponins,phenols, cardiac glycosides and tannins were present in both organic and aqueousextract. Both extracts had acute oraltoxicity greater than 2000 mg/kg. In thesub-acute toxicity study, there was asignificant dose-dependent decrease in thelevels of total protein in rats treated with200 (P<0.006), 400 (P<0.00) and 800mg/kg (P< 0.00) aqueous extract relativeto the control. None of the extracts causeda significant effect on haematologicalparameters. Long term administration ofCroton menyharthii root bark extract isassociated with significant alterations inrenal physiology. Given the finding, werecommend the judicious use of the rootbark extracts of Croton menyharthiiparticularly when long term use is beingconsidered.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it