Government Efforts to Address Bullying in Canada: Any Place for Children’s Rights?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, governments in Canada have increased efforts to address bullying in schools primarily through the adoption of laws and policies. This paper examines these measures using a child rights framework, based on Canada’s international legal obligations. It examines the language of child rights and human rights that is present in these efforts, as well as the content of legislation and policies. Analysis is guided by the main child rights principles: non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, the child’s right to survival and development, and respect for the views of the child. The findings point to a fragmented presence of child rights in provincial efforts and their absence in federal efforts. The authors contend that the explicit inclusion of child rights in education legislation is a minimal step to ensure a more uniform and systematic application of child rights in all anti-bullying initiatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".