The combination of deferoxamine and minocycline strengthens neuroprotective effect on acute intracerebral hemorrhage in rats
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of strokes that carries high mortality rates, but effective therapeutic options are still lacking. Here, the adult rat model of ICH was used to investigate the efficacy of a combinational therapy of deferoxamine (DFX) and minocycline.Methods: The ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of collagenase into striatum of adult rats. After the induction of ICH, rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of deferoxamine (50 mg/kg), minocycline (45 mg/kg), or both agents, at 2 hours after ICH and then every 12 hours for up to 3 days. The vehicle group were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only. Rats were killed at 1, 2, and 3 day(s) for examination of iron deposition, neuronal death, neurological deficits, the area of brain damage, activation of microglia/macrophages.Results: Our data revealed that the systemic administration of DFX and/or minocycline decreased iron accumulation. And immunofluorescence staining results indicated that drug-treated group significantly decreased the neuronal degeneration, the number of activated microglia/macrophages and the amount of cell death after ICH. In addition, neurological deficits caused by ICH were improved in the presence of DFX and/or minocycline compare with vehicle group. Furthermore, the combination treatment showed better effects in neuroprotection and anti-inflammation when compared to the monotherapy groups.Conclusions: The combination therapy significantly reduces the number of neuronal deaths, suppresses of the activation of microglia/macrophages, decreases iron accumulation in the area around the hematoma, lessening the brain damage area, and improving neurological deficits in ICH.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it