Low prevalence of retinopathy among Greenland Inuit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among persons with diabetes and prediabetes participating in the 2018 Population Health Survey in Greenland (B2018), a follow-up survey of three previous health surveys. Participants were invited to a diabetes complication screening. We assessed the prevalence of DR using Optos Daytona Ultra-wide field fundus camera and assessed differences in prevalence according to demographic and clinical characteristics using chi square test and a t-test and assessed DR based on ethnicity. The overall prevalence of DR was 2% (10/483). Among participants with HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) DR prevalence was 9% (9/91), compared with <1% (1/382) among participants with HbA1c <48 mmol/mol (6.5%). All participants with DR lived in towns. The mean Inuit genetic admixture was lower among participants with DR. The prevalence of DR is low in Greenland and almost non-existent among persons with HbA1c below the diabetes threshold.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".