Host-Based Virtual Machine Workload Characterization Using Hypervisor Trace Mining
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cloud computing is a fast-growing technology that provides on-demand access to a pool of shared resources. This type of distributed and complex environment requires advanced resource management solutions that could model virtual machine (VM) behavior. Different workload measurements, such as CPU, memory, disk, and network usage, are usually derived from each VM to model resource utilization and group similar VMs. However, these course workload metrics require internal access to each VM with the available performance analysis toolkit, which is not feasible with many cloud environments privacy policies. In this article, we propose a non-intrusive host-based virtual machine workload characterization using hypervisor tracing. VM blockings duration, along with virtual interrupt injection rates, are derived as features to reveal multiple levels of resource intensiveness. In addition, the VM exit reason is considered, as well as the resource contention rate due to the host and other VMs. Moreover, the processes and threads preemption rates in each VM are extracted using the collected tracing logs. Our proposed approach further improves the selected features by exploiting a page ranking based algorithm to filter non-important processes running on each VM. Once the metric features are defined, a two-stage VM clustering technique is employed to perform both coarse- and fine-grain workload characterization. The inter-cluster and intra-cluster similarity metrics of the silhouette score is used to reveal distinct VM workload groups, as well as the ones with significant overlap. The proposed framework can provide a detailed vision of the underlying behavior of the running VMs. This can assist infrastructure administrators in efficient resource management, as well as root cause analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".