Early life exposure to soy isoflavones in combination with an adequate but not supplemental level of folic acid improves bone development of CD‐1 mice by suppressing expression of neuropeptide Y
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early life exposure to soy isoflavones (ISO) improves bone health of female mice at adulthood. This benefit may be mediated by methylation of CpG sites that regulate transcription of genes involved in bone formation. The objective was to examine if early life exposure to ISO and supplemental folic acid (FA), a methyl donor, induces permanent changes in bone‐specific gene expression that result in stronger bones at adulthood in female CD‐1 mice. Mice were randomized to adequate (2 mg/kg diet) or supplemental (8 mg/kg diet) FA during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring received corn oil or ISO (7 mg/kg body weight/day) from day 1 to 10 of life and adequate FA diet until age 4 months. Contrary to our hypothesis, exposure to ISO + supplemental FA had a modest effect on lumbar spine (higher bone mineral density (BMD)) with no effect on femurs. This may be due to higher expression of bone resorption genes, i.e. beta‐catenin and parathyroid hormone receptor 1. In contrast, females exposed to adequate FA + ISO had higher BMD, improved trabecular connectivity and greater strength at the femur and lumbar spine that may be explained by lower expression of neuropeptide Y – a neurotransmitter that is inversely associated with bone formation. Early life exposure to ISO has contrasting effects on adult bone health, depending on the level of FA in the diet. Benefits to BMD, bone structure as well as bone strength were only observed with adequate FA. Grant Funding Source : Canadian Institutes of Health Research (funding number 89941) and a Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".