‘This Is a Woman’s War, Too’: Canadian Servicewomen’s Wartime Scrapbooks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canadian Women's Army Corps (CWAC) Lieutenant Beulah Rosen (née Jaenicke) held on to her scrapbook ‘for all those years, nearly 60 years’, before she donated it to the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Rosen recalled that ‘each place I moved as a married woman with children and so on it wasn't thrown out it was kept. I didn't keep my uniform. I didn't – I kept a few badges’. Her scrapbook mattered to her. It was among her most prized wartime keepsakes, filled with clippings of the cartoons she had published in army periodicals. She donated a book entitled ‘Photographs’ for her cartoons, and a scrapbook marketed to military personnel, Snaps and Scraps: My Life in the Army , as her wartime memorabilia. Rosen was one of the approximately 45,000 women who served in the women's divisions of the Canadian army, navy and air force during the Second World War. The CWAC and the Royal Canadian Air Force (Women's Division) [RCAF (WD)] formed in 1941. Commonly called the Wrens, the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service (WRCNS) was organized in 1942. Like other female veterans, Rosen voiced her place in the armed services when she preserved her memories, and attempted to ensure that future generations had a record of her wartime contributions, experiences, and perceptions. Drawing on an examination of twenty scrapbooks and photograph albums by and about army, naval, and air force servicewomen, this chapter responds to Cynthia Enloe's call for scholars to ‘pay […] close attention to women inside militaries’. These albums provide insight into how servicewomen saw and wanted others to see their military service. They give tantalizing glimpses into servicewomen's relationships, work, and social activities. Four veterans left their war record in albums designed for military personnel. Olga Munroe and Beulah Rosen documented their wartime service in S naps and Scraps: My Life in the Army . Two others, Camilla Forbes (née Balcombe) and Rosemary Gordon Robb Pimental, used a variation on the theme, Snaps and Scraps: My Life in the Navy . The other scrapbooks are housed in a variety of albums with blank pages. Female veterans and/or their representatives narrated their own service history and, in some cases their division's history, through a unique blend of snapshots, correspondence, newspaper clippings, recruitment material such as This is a Woman's War, too , military documents such as leave passes, and other mementos, such as concert programmes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.030 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.049 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".