Giardia duodenalis genotype A and B are responsible for post infectious visceral hypersensitivity in an immunocompetent suckling rat model: Is commensal bacterial translocation one of the mechanisms leading to PI‐IBS?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enteric pathogens such as Giardia duodenalis , common waterborne protozoan parasite, have been linked to Post‐infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI‐IBS) a functional intestinal disorder, in which visceral hypersensitivity is a key factor. We aimed to develop a model characterizing PI‐IBS triggered by Giardia infection and, reveal mechanisms responsible for the PI‐IBS‐like symptoms, such as the role of the commensal microbiota. Five day‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats gavaged with 10 4 trophozoites (genotypes A or B) were assessed for visceral hypersensitivity 50 days post‐infection (PI) via jejunal/rectal balloon distension. Changes in blood pressure were recorded as measurements of visceral hypersensitivity. Caco‐2 monolayers were used to assess if Giardia facilitates the translocation of a non‐invasive E. coli at various time points. On day 50 PI, jejunal and rectal hypersensitivity was observed with both genotypes. G. duodenalis also facilitated translocation of non‐invasive E. coli through Caco‐2 monolayers 3h PI. Hypersensitivity was detected in the jejunum, as well as in the rectum, a site beyond the infection area, indicating that the effect is not limited to the presence of the pathogen. Giardia facilitates the passage of non‐invasive bacteria through the intestinal epithelium, mechanism which could cause PI‐IBS. This study describe a new model for the study of protozoa‐induced PI‐IBS. fundings: NSERC Create, FFCR (France‐Canada Research Fund), CCFC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".