Respiratory Bidirectional Ultrasonic TOF Flow Sensor Resilience to Ambient Temperature Fluctuations
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measuring fluid flow velocity using ultrasonic based sensors has been established for some time, however implementation of this technology in respiratory systems is relatively recent. This paper presents the design of a respiratory flow sensor made possible by the air-coupling ultrasound principle. A prototype has been developed as a proof-of-concept. To enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR), the modulated ultrasound arrival time is translated to a digital word using Time-to-Digital Conversion (TDC). Hence, the respiration is digitally captured in real-time to offer a synchronous respiratory monitoring. The near-zero deviation is further alleviated by Least Mean Square (LMS) technique accomplished off-line. Down to 0.03 L/s of resolution and over 95% of linearity is achieved. The bidirectional transmit/receive echo signals have been leveraged to provide a system level cancelation of the environmental conditions affecting measurement accuracy. The developed sensor was used on adult volunteers and tested experimentally using an ASL5000 lung simulator. The results validate the system functionality in the presence of real-world conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it