Amae and Freedom in Everyday Language: Toward Transcultural Educational Theory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims to clarify the connection between amae in Japan and freedom in Germany in everyday language and to make suggestions to form a transcultural educational theory with them. The concept of amae was introduced in the book The Anatomy of Dependence, written by Japanese psychiatrist Doi Takeo (1920–2009). According to Doi, amae is peculiar to the everyday language of Japanese, yet common to mankind as a psychological phenomenon that is always at work in the formation of human relationships. However, his suggestion of transcultural adoption of "freedom to amaeru" by the Western world was not based on a sufficient understanding of "freedom" in everyday language in the Western world. This paper attempts to modify and develop this point by a research interview about freedom in everyday language with a German graduate student. By suggesting an alternative interpretation of freedom in childhood through the concept of amae, this paper concludes that amae can provide a third possibility in addition to the possibilities of freedom and constraint in modern educational theory and a point of contact in everyday language for transcultural dialogue on educational theories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".