On the Use of HAPS to Increase Secrecy Performance in Satellite Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of radio frequency (RF) eavesdropping for a high altitude platform station (HAPS) aided satellite communication (SatCom) system. More precisely, we propose a new SatCom scheme where a HAPS node is used as an intermediate relay to transmit the satellite’s signal to the ground station (GS). In this network, free-space optical (FSO) communication is adopted between HAPS and satellite, whereas RF communication is used between HAPS and GS as the line-of-sight (LoS) communication cannot be established. To quantify the overall secrecy performance of the proposed scheme, closed-form secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of positive secrecy capacity (PPSC) expressions are derived. Moreover, we investigate the effect of pointing error and shadowing severity parameters. Finally, design guidelines that can be useful in the design of practical SatCom networks are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".