The Effect of Acute Exercise on the Interaction between Doxorubicin Administration and Nitric Oxide Metabolism in Heart and Liver Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A portion of the reactive species produced as a result of doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced oxidative stress is associated with the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). The subsequent accumulation of DOX in cardiac and liver tissue make these areas particularly susceptible to DOX‐induced damage. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between DOX administration and exercise on NO metabolism in heart and liver cells. Thirty male Sprague‐Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of DOX (4.5 mg/kg) and were randomly separated into 5 experimental groups (n=6). Groups A and E did not perform any exercise and were euthanized at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Groups B and C underwent a single bout of swimming exercise for 60 min and were sacrificed at 25 and 48 hrs, respectively. Group D exercised at 24 and 48 hrs and were sacrificed at 49 hrs. No changes (P>0.05) in NO concentrations were observed in liver tissue following exercise as compared the non‐exercised groups. In contrast, a consistent pattern was observed in cardiac tissues that showed a decrease in NO concentrations in the exercised (B, C, and D) vs. the non‐exercised groups (groups A and E). For example, the NO concentrations in the left atrium of group A (non‐exercised) was 20±1.1 μmol/mg and decreased (P<0.05) to 15.6±0.6 μmol/mg in group D (exercised). These results suggest that exercise may play a role in lowering DOX induced elevations in NO levels in cardiac tissue, indicating that exercise may assist in mitigating the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".