Compressional wave attenuation in muddy sediments at the New England Mud Patch
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method for measuring in situ compressional wave attenuation exploiting the spectral decay of Bragg resonances is applied to sediments at the New England Mud Patch. Measurements of layer-averaged attenuation in a 10.3 m mud layer yield 0.04 {0.03 0.055} dB/mi kHz (braces indicate outer bounds); the attenuation is twice as large at a site with 3.2 m mud thickness. Both results are strongly influenced by a ∼1 m sand-mud transition interval, created by geological and biological processes which mix sand (at the base of the mud) into the mud. Above the transition interval, homogeneous mud exhibits an attenuation 0.01–0.02 dB/m kHz, lower than that in the sand-mud transition interval by a factor of 10. Informed by these and additional observations, mud attenuation in and above the transition interval appears to be roughly spatially invariant across the area, explaining the factor of two in attenuation between the two sites by simple depth scaling. Further, the ubiquity of the processes that form the transition interval suggests that the scaling may be broadly applied to other muddy continental shelves. In principle, attenuation predictions in shallow water could be substantively improved with a modest amount of geologic and biologic information. [Research supported by ONR Ocean Acoustics.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".