Cardiac Manifestations in Hyaluronidase 2 KnockOut (KO) Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2) is a GPI‐linked endoglycosidase thought to initiate the degradation of hyaluronan (HA). HA is an abundant component of the extracellular matrix where it has an important role in matrix assembly, wound healing and embryonic development. Our objective was to characterize the cardiac abnormalities detected in Hyal2 knock‐out (KO) mice. Although cardiac anomalies were not initially described in these mice, they may have been the cause of unexplained pre‐weaning lethality of Hyal2 KOs. We observed a severe cardiac phenotype in approximately 55% (n=22) of the KO mice on a C129;CD1 background. Mice exhibiting this phenotype displayed weight loss and shortness of breath ultimately leading to euthanasia between 1 and 9 months of age. Dissection of the mice exhibiting this phenotype consistently revealed a gross enlargement of either the right or left atrial chamber. Histological examination of the cardiac tissue in three of these mice revealed profound thickening of the aortic and pulmonic valves, and in one case the mitral valve, and also demonstrated increased levels of HA in the valves. Murine echocardiography confirmed that the pulmonic valve was thickened. In conclusion, Hyal2 deficiency leads to elevated HA in the heart valves and early lethality, possibly due to diastolic dysfunction. This work is supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to BTR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".