Urinary BPA Concentrations and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: The HOME Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Aim: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a suspected endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) that may adversely affect human health. In rodent studies, prenatal BPA exposure alters maternal behavior, including reduced caregiving behavior towards their pups. These rodent behaviors may be correlates of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms that include feeling withdrawn, numb/disconnected from their offspring, or in doubt of their caregiving ability.Methods: We analyzed data from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (n=346), a cohort of pregnant women and their children in Cincinnati, Ohio, enrolled between March 2003 and January 2006. We measured BPA concentrations in urine samples collected at ~16 and 26 weeks gestation. Mothers self-reported depressive symptoms at approximately four weeks post-partum using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Using linear and logistic regression, we estimated changes in continuous and categorical (>mild vs. minimal symptoms) BDI-II scores, respectively, per interquartile range (IQR) increase in log10-transformed urinary BPA concentrations, adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal factors.Results: The mean BDI-II score was 8.3 (25th and 75th percentiles: 5, 11). A total of 25 (7.2%), 13 (3.8%), and 6 (1.7%) women reported mild (scores: 14-19), moderate (scores: 20-28), and severe (scores: 29-63) depressive symptoms, respectively. Each IQR increase in log10-transformed urinary BPA concentration was associated with a 0.85-point increase in BDI-II score (95% CI: 0.2, 1.6). In addition, each IQR increase in BPA concentrations was associated with a 50% increased odds of having > minimal depressive symptoms (95% CI: 1.0, 2.2).Conclusion: Higher maternal urinary BPA concentrations during pregnancy were associated with more postpartum depressive symptoms at four weeks among mothers in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".