Lithium Ytterbium-Based Halide Solid Electrolytes for High Voltage All-Solid-State Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All-solid-state Li-ion batteries that utilize nonflammable solid electrolytes are considered potential candidates for sustainable energy storage systems. Although sulfide solid electrolytes have been widely explored, their lack of electrochemical stability above 2.7 V requires the application of protective coating layer on 4 V-class cathode materials, whereas the superior oxidative stability of chloride solid electrolytes enables their direct use with such high voltage cathodes. Here, we report a metastable trigonal phase of Li 3 YbCl 6 with an ionic conductivity of 1.0 × 10 –4 S·cm –1 and mixed-metal halide solid electrolytes, Li 3– x Yb 1– x Zr x Cl 6, with conductivities up to 1.1 mS·cm –1 at room temperature. Combined neutron, single-crystal, and powder X-ray diffraction methods reveal that Zr-substitution for Yb in Li 3 YbCl 6 triggers a trigonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition and forms new, lower energy pathways for Li-ion migration. All-solid-state cell cycling with uncoated >4 V-class cathodes is enabled by the high electrochemical oxidation stability of the mixed-metal halide solid electrolyte.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".