Apple consumption reduces markers of postprandial inflammation following a high fat meal in overweight and obese adults: A randomized, crossover trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to measure secreted cytokines. Apples modulated postprandial plasma IFN-γ and reduced its peak concentration (-12.8%), and increased both 4 h (14.4%) and peak (10.5%) TAC (P < 0.05). In unstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBMC, apples reduced secreted IL-6 (-49.3% and -17.1%) and TNF-α (-43.3% and -14.7%) and increased IL-4 (93.1% and 15.8%) in both the unstimulated and LPS-stimulated conditions, as well as decreased GM-CSF (-26.0%) and IL-17 (-47.9%) in unstimulated PBMC and G-CSF (-19.8%) in LPS-stimulated PBMC (P < 0.05). These data suggest acute whole Gala apple consumption may be an effective dietary strategy to mitigate high fat meal-induced postprandial inflammation that exacerbates CVD risk in overweight and obesity. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03523403, The Apple Study: Investigating the Effects of Whole Apple Consumption on Risk Factors for Chronic Metabolic Diseases in Overweight and Obese Adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".