Systemic Leptin Alters Response of Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Neurons That Innervate Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla to Peripheral Chemoreceptors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were done in anesthetized rats to investigate the effects of systemic injection of leptin on the response of neurons within nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that innervate the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) during activation of carotid chemoreceptors. The NTS region containing neurons expressing the leptin receptor Ob‐Rb was explored for single units antidromically activated by stimulation of pressor sites in RVLM. Antidromically activated units were tested for their response to injection of leptin (50 ng/0.1 ml) and KCN (80 μg/0.1 ml). Of 64 units tested in NTS, 28 units were antidromically activated by RVLM and of these units, 17 (~61%) were excited by intracarotid injections of KCN. Additionally, 11 (~65%) of these KCN responsive units were also excited by leptin injections. Furthermore, the response of these single units to KCN was potentiated (83%) immediately following the leptin injection. Control intracarotid injection of saline (vehicle for all injections) neither altered the activity of the NTS neurons nor the response of NTS units to KCN. Taken together, these data suggest that increases in circulatory levels of leptin can alter the sympathoexcitatory responses to peripheral chemoreceptor reflex activation by modulating the activity of neurons within the NTS. Supported by HSFO
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".