Comparative Analysis of Fusarium Graminearum Strain Genotype and Chemotype from Grains Sampled During the 2015-2017 Ontario Harvests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a fungal pathogen of small grains and corn resulting in yield loss and more importantly the crops are contaminated with the regulated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON).In recent years, genetic changes in the F. graminearum population have been occurring and potential concerns include the risk of more DON in grain with less visible disease, new toxins and an increase in pathogen fitness and virulence.The aim of this study was to isolate F. graminearum from wheat and corn collected during the 2015-2017 Ontario harvests, and compare genotype and chemotype analysis.From the 2015-2017, 228 corn fields and 118 wheat fields in Ontario were screened for the prevalence of F. graminearum.The genotypes of two known F. graminearum populations were assessed using multiplex PCR targeted to TRI3 and TRI12 gene sequences.F. graminearum isolates from 2015-2017 harvest wheat (n = 308) and corn (n = 160) were identified.Representative strains (n = 61) from each year were further examined using PCR-based assays to determine genotype and chemical analysis to determine chemotype.All wheat and corn isolates were the 15ADON genotype.However, chemical analysis of culture extracts showed co-production of 15ADON and the new trichothecene 3ANX in one or more culture media for 80% (n = 16), 59% (n = 13) and 73.7% (n = 14) for the years 2015, 2016, and 2017 respectively.None of the representative strains were of the 3ANX genotype.These findings demonstrate the existing probes to assess genotype cannot reliably predict chemotype of the population of F. graminearum in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".