The effects of Apelin‐13 on cardiovascular system can be mediated by modulating the excitability of SFO neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apelin is an adipocyte derived hormone involved in the regulation of water balance, food intake, and the cardiovascular system via actions in the central nervous system. The subfornical organ (SFO) is a circumventricular organ with well document roles in body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular control and more recently, energy balance. Owing to the lack of the normal blood‐brain barrier, SFO enables detecting circulating signal molecules from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In this study, we have examined the effect of apelin on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of anesthetized SD rats by microinjection of apelin into SFO in vivo and on the excitabilities of dissociated SFO neurons in vitro. We found that microinjection of apelin into SFO decreased BP (‐ 1492.3 ± 357.1 mmHg*sec, n=5) and HR (−32.4 ± 10.39 beats, n=5). Whole cell current clamp recording revealed that 100 nM aplein caused a hyperpolarization in 41 % of the tested SFO neurons (−9.9 ± 1.3 mV, n=21), while 33 % of neurons were depolarized by apelin administration (6.8 ± 0.9mV, n=17). Our research suggests that circulating apelin can directly affect BP and HR via modulating the excitability of SFO neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".