NAD(P)H oxidase‐dpendent H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> production and RyR‐IP <sub>3</sub> R activation are required for insulin induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin‐regulated GLUT4 traffic has been widely explored, but the role of calcium and ROS signaling in this process is poorly understood. We studied insulin‐induced GLUT4 traffic in GLUT4myc skeletal muscle cells. Insulin‐induced exofacial exposure of myc epitope, glucose uptake and Akt activation were independent of extracellular calcium. The intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM inhibited Akt, p70S6K and ERK1 activation but not p‐ERK2. p‐ERK1/2 was inhibited by 2‐APB, an IP 3 R inhibitor. Cytosol directed parvalbumin reduced insulin‐dependent exposure of myc. Moreover, ryanodine and 2‐ APB partly inhibited myc exposure with an additive effect. The calcium ionophore ionomycin induced an increase in extracellular exposure of myc and was additive to insulin. In myotubes maintained in calcium‐free media, the effect of insulin was totally inhibited by ionomycin. Insulin increased H 2 O 2 production measured with the cytosolic molecular sensor HyPer which was inhibited by NAC. p47 subunit of NADP(H)ox labeled differentiated myotubes. Both antioxidant agents, NAC and trolox partly reduced the externalization of myc as did the NADP(H)ox inhibitor apocynin and overexpression of catalase. These data suggest that insulin induces an increase in NADP(H)ox‐dependent H 2 O 2 production and RyR/IP 3 R calcium channels activation to foster GLUT4 translocation. FONDAP 15010006, FONDECYT 3110170
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".