17β‐Estradiol relaxes cholecystokinin (CCK) and KCl‐induced tension in female guinea pig gallbladder strips by inhibiting extracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> entry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
17β‐estradiol (E2) induced a concentration‐dependent relaxation of CCK‐ or KCl‐induced tension. When the response to E2 between strips from young guinea pigs and strips from those in late pregnancy were compared there was no significant difference in the response to 50 or 100 μM E2; but, 10μM caused a significant (p<0.05, 19.3±5.4 vs. 25.9±2.7%, n=7) increase in the amount of relaxation in strips from pregnant guinea pigs. PKA inhibitor 14–22 amide myristolated had no significant effect on the E2‐induced relaxation. Treatment with 2‐APB, an inhibitor of IP 3 induced Ca 2+ release, produced a significant (p<0.01) increase in the amount of E2‐induced relaxation when either CCK or KCl were used. Neither KT5823, a PKG inhibitor, nor L‐NMMA, a NO synthase inhibitor, had a significant effect on the E2‐induced relaxation. Bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl − , PKC blockers, were used in combination with no significant effect on the amount of CCK‐induced tension, but significantly (p<0.01) increased the amount of E2‐induced relaxation. When E2 was added to the chambers 3 min prior to either CCK or KCl, a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the amount of tension was observed (CCK, 0.78±0.08 vs. 0.36±0.03g, n=5; KCl, 1.09±0.06 vs. 0.20±0.02g, n=6). The inhibition of extracellular Ca 2+ entry mediated E2‐induced relaxation of CCK‐ and KCl‐induced tension in female guinea pig gallbladder strips.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".